In ICP atomic emission spectrometry (ICP AES) systems, the elemental species are atomized and ionized in the high temperature plasma. The elemental ions are excited, which means that electrons from the outer shell of the element are elevated to higher energy levels. When returning to the ground state, the energy difference is emitted as light with an element-specific wavelength. The emitted light is collected by an optical spectrometer, which is located either axially or radially to the plasma axis. The various emitted wavelengths are dispersed by a diffraction grating, focused, and detected by properly positioned CCDs (charged coupled devices). This design enables modern ICP AES instruments to monitor simultaneously the main elements of the periodic table. The large number of possible transitions results in relatively complex optical spectra. Hyphenation of LC systems with ICP AES is far less frequently applied than hyphenations with ICP-MS. This is mainly due to the lower sensitivity of ICP AES, which is often insufficient for detection of element species at low concentrations in real samples. In addition, spectral interferences can hamper the detection. The advantages compared to ICP-MS are the higher tolerance to salt content in the samples and the possibility of monitoring nonmetallic elements, like C, S, P, Cl, which are difficult to detect with quadrupole ICP-MS. However, recent advances in collision-cell technology allow better detection of these elements with ICP-MS as well.

And here is SKYLINE 

Petroleum and Synthetic Liquid Water Separation Property Analyzer

Features

1. Full Chinese operation interface, with drawing function, easy to use.

2. Computer-controlled automatic peak finding, automatic scanning and automatic attenuation.

3. Interference correction between single and complex elements.

4. Automatic background correction and background subtraction.

5. The spectral line library stores more than 24,000 analytical spectral lines, which can be added by yourself.

6. Automatic diagnosis and debugging after startup.

7. The measurement method of quadratic regression and Gaussian curve calculation content.